Being an essential component of organic chemistry, named reactions are indispensable in organic synthesis. More and more named reactions have been devised to create unique polymer backbones, which has significantly accelerated the creation of new polymer materials. Yet, the university chemical knowledge system is deficient in relevant introductions. The purpose of this study is to incorporate the specified reactions within the teaching of polymer chemistry. These reactions are divided into six categories: transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, condensation reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions, free radical reactions, and other reactions. This work methodically covers these six types of reactions, which are critical for polymer backbone synthesis, and presents the practice in teaching. It can assist students to learn polymer chemistry in conjunction with organic chemistry and provide some reference for students and teachers. synthesis backbones materials Yet introductions categories metalcatalyzed metal catalyzed multicomponent multi teachers

Free dealloying of Cu-Hf-Al metallic glasses in HCl electrolytes are studied in this paper. The results show that the electrolyte concentration and dealloying time strongly influence the type of dealloying products. A superficial dealloying happens in diluted HCl electrolytes while a complete dealloying occurs in concentrated HCl electrolytes. The results present that Cu2O microparticles with regular morphology can be tailored on glassy surfaces in 0. 05 M HCl solution by controlling the dealloying time. Furthermore, the designable products of nanoporous Cu, Cu2O nanoplates and CuO microwires can be fabricated in 1. 2 M HCl electrolyte with the dealloying time. Due to a big difference of examined Cu-Hf-Al alloys in the electrolyte concentration and dealloying time, one or mixed dealloying products (Cu, Cu2O and CuO), which depend on the progress of relative chemical reactions and the different dealloying route, will finally be produced.

Cu xO(x = 1,2)/amorphous compounds have been successfully synthesized by chemical free dealloying and spontaneous oxidation method. Technological parameters, such as the acid concentration and dealloying time strongly influence the crystal type, size and morphology of coppery oxide. The further study shows that with the increase of HCl concentration, the surface coverage rate of Cu2O micro-flowers increases and the sizes of Cu2O micro-flowers get bigger. Moreover, it is observed that cracks are formed on the etched ribbon surface and plentiful Cu2O/CuO particles grow up from these crack walls if the dealloying time extends to long enough. Considering many fascinating properties of Cu2O/CuO particles and the amorphous alloy carrier, potential application fields of these amazing compounds will be developed in future.

A wedge-shaped copper mold was used to fabricate micro quasicrystals(QCs). Stable Mg-Zn-Y-based nano-QCs were directly synthesized through this simple route instead of crystallization from metallic glasses or complicated forming processes at high temperature. The study showed that on the tips of the wedge-shaped ingots, the minimum diameter of nano-QCs approach to 4~6 nm. The main size of nano-QCs is about 10~30 nm. The maximum microhardness of QCs has been dramatically improved to about HV440 which increased by about 280% compared with that of the petal-like QCs fabricated under common cast iron mold cooling conditions. Possessing a certain negative enthalpy of mixing and existence of Frank-Kasper-type phases determined the formation of Mg-Zn-Y-based nano-QCs. The further electrochemical studies showed that Mg71Zn26Y2Cu1 nano-QC alloy possess high corrosion resistance in simulated seawater and its corrosion resistance is much better than those of the Mg72Zn26Y2 and Mg71Zn26Y2Cu0.5 Ni0.5 nano-QC alloys.